Moisture damage between bitumen and aggregate often appears as interfacial debonding, lower adhesion grades and poor mixture water stability. The polar end of a phosphate monomer can interact with mineral surfaces, while its flexible, oil-compatible segments may help form an interfacial transition.
Start with compatibility and storage checks, then move to boiling-water, pull-off or adhesion-grade tests. At mixture scale, validate freeze-thaw splitting, immersed Marshall stability or rutting as appropriate.
KM2140's low acid value, oil solubility and flexibility make it the first candidate. The addition method must follow the bitumen or modification process and should not be copied directly from a coating formula.